In vivo mammalian brain imaging using one- and two-photon fluorescence microendoscopy. Jung JC, Mehta AD, Aksay E, Stepnoski R, Schnitzer MJ. (2004). J Neurophysiol. 92(5):3121-33. [Link]

• Live image from the CA1 hippocampal area of a live mouse. This is an example of a "to-and-fro" flow pattern. (Quicktime)
  
  
• Live image from CA1 hippocampus of a live rat. (Quicktime)
  
  
• Live image from the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus of a live rat. (Quicktime)

Stanford News Sept. 2005

• Miniature microscope creates micron-sized images of capillaries in live animals. (Windows Media Player)

In vivo brain imaging using a portable 3.9 gram two-photon fluorescence microendoscope.
Flusberg BA, Jung JC, Cocker ED, Anderson EP, Schnitzer MJ. (2005) Opt Lett. 30(17):2272-4. [Link]

• Device Mechanical Alignments. CAD movie of 3.9 gram fiberscope showing the coarse focusing, micromotor-controlled fine focusing, and fiber alignment capabilities.
  
  
• Device "Explosion". CAD movie showing the construction of the 3.9 gram two-photon fluorescence fiberscope from its components.
  
  
• Lissajous Scanning. Movie of 800 nm laser light exiting the tip of a photonic bandgap fiber as it is scanned in a Lissajous pattern.

Fast-scanning two-photon fluorescence imaging based on a microelectromechanical systems two- dimensional scanning mirror. Piyawattanametha W, Barretto RP, Ko TH, Flusberg BA, Cocker ED, Ra H, Lee D, Solgaard O, Schnitzer MJ. (2006) Opt Lett. 31(13):2018-20. [Link]

• MEMS Scanning. Movie showing a 750-micron square, silicon MEMS mirror as its inner and outer axes of scanned individually and then simultaneously

Lock-and-key mechanisms of cerebellar memory recall based on rebound currents. Wetmore DZ, Mukamel EA, Schnitzer MJ. (2007) J Neurophysiol. [Epub ahead of print]

• Voltage trace (A) and phase plane trajectory (B) of a rebound depolarization driven by a conditioned stimulus (CS) in a model deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) neuron , following classical eyeblink conditioning with a long interstimulus interval (ISI) of 190 ms. At the start of the CS, increased spiking by Purkinje cells hyperpolarizes the DCN cell and deinactivates T-type channels. About 35 ms prior to the time of the expected US, release of the hyperpolarizing drive leads to a rebound depolarization.
  
  
• Voltage trace (A) and phase plane trajectory (B) of a rebound depolarization driven by a conditioned stimulus in a model DCN neuron, following training with a short interstimulus interval (ISI) of 85 ms. Due to the short ISI, the rebound amplitude is diminished and the phase plane trajectory does not move as far into the reliable retrieval zone (red shading) as with a long ISI value.
  
  
• Voltage trace (A) and phase plane trajectory (B) of a rebound depolarization driven by a conditioned stimulus in a model DCN neuron, following training with an intermediate interstimulus int erval (ISI) of 90 ms. The stochastic arrival times of synaptic inputs leads to variations in the voltage dynamics between the 20 traces shown, despite identical initial conditions at t = -100 ms (red and blue traces). This ISI value leads to unreliable retrieval of the stored memory. Noisy synaptic inputs lead some phase plane trajectories (red dots) closer to the reliable retrieval zone (warm colors in color map) and toward a higher level of deinactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels, while other trajectories are more distant from the reliable retrieval zone (blue dots).

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